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2 Movement

Figure 2.9: Microtubules are attached to a polystyrene bead. Kinesin is attached to the fluorescence-

labeled microtubules via SNAP proteins. When the kinesin motors walk along neighboring microtubules,

a flagella motion develops that can be monitored by fluorescence (adapted from [23]).

Figure 2.10: Microtubule “asters” are held together by DNA bundles. Multimeric kinesin linkers then walk

on the microtubules, thus contracting the artificial muscles (adapted from [24]).